SpaghettiMapper's Diary

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I have already forgotten how I first came across StreetComplete, but what I do remember is that I immediately fell in love with the concept of the app.

I like wandering around and exploring. When travelling, the things that attract me the most are actually very “normal”. Maybe there is a neighbourhood, maybe a lovely park, maybe a path along the river… I just follow the direction of the road and take a turn at a junction if I feel like it.

I don’t know. I just really don’t like those crowded and buzzing tourist attractions. On the contrary, it is in the nooks and crannies of everyday life that I can feel the vibe of a neighbourhood, a town, or a city.

This convenience store has some good samosas. This small community park offers the best shade during the scorching summer. This path along the canal has ducks and geese to guide your walk…

From these small and seemingly negligible things, I feel a city comes alive.

And that’s why StreetComplete is my best travel companion. It pulls up a bunch of quests for me to explore. The surface of the pavement, the sound signal at a crossing, the bin at a bus stop, the name of a store… It simply guides me to dive deeper into an area, and I can explore while completing the quests along the way.

Gamification is a good way to encourage contributions to OSM, but for me, StreetComplete is far more than just a game. It lets me immerse myself into a city and teaches me how to look at it from a new perspective.

在画地图时,我们往往离不开一个很重要的地标——祠堂。我先假设各位朋友们都明白祠堂对于一个村庄或一个镇街,在地理上与历史文化上的重要意义,因此就跳过解释(如果你需要了解它,这里是维基百科的链接)。总而言之,它的重要程度足以在OSM上拥有一个标记。不过,寻找一个适合它的tag,却成为了一个难题。

参考现有的例子

我先参考了OSM上,中港台三地现有的祠堂,以及它们的tag。

amenity=place_of_worship

例子有:宗祠 Ancestral Hall劉氏家祠 Lau’s Ancestral Hall五福堂 Ancestral Hall宗祠朱厝宗祠鄭氏祠堂祠堂

landuse=religious

例子有:扬氏宗祠隴西堂(彭氏祠堂)余氏宗祠邱氏宗祠-明德堂谢氏大宗祠

religion=chinese_folk

例子有:劉氏家祠 Lau’s Ancestral Hall宗祠余氏宗祠扬氏宗祠

amenity=community_centre

例子有:宗祠宗祠

结论

从我收集到的例子来看,OSM上对祠堂的标注,多数为amenity=place_of_worship以及landuse=religious,而部分祠堂会附带religion=chinese_folk的key。这些标注初看是挺合适的,但是仔细揣摩,我发觉这并不完全准确。

这些标注更适合宗教场所。而祠堂,在文化意义上是供奉和祭祀祖先的场所,而祖先崇拜并非为一种宗教。至于religion=chinese_folk,它通常指的是中国民间信仰。虽然有些民间信仰会与祖先崇拜混合,有些祠堂会举行民间信仰的崇拜活动,但这并不代表着所有祠堂内举行的活动都有带有民间宗教信仰的成分。

有部分祠堂的标注为amenity=community_centre,这其实也反应了祠堂的另一些功能:宗族成员的聚集活动场所,比如节庆宴饮、婚丧寿喜,等等。

祠堂在OSM上难以寻找到一个合适的tag,其实就体现了一种文化上的差异——OSM来自英国,大部分OSM贡献者也来自欧美地区。它的tag和key的设置,就是默认以欧美地区的文化为基础的。而对于中港台等东亚文化地区的地图绘制,那些普适性的,比如交通设施、商业建筑、住宅、学校、公园等等,往往没有什么问题。但是当我们要标注东亚文化圈内特有的文化现象——比如祠堂——问题就出现了。

我会希望我们能够自定义一个tag,比如amenity=ancestral_hall之类的,这样的标注,会比使用多个模棱两可的标注,准确得多。

现有的解决办法:building=shrine

我翻查了OSM Wiki,找到了building=shrine这一个tag。根据OSM Wiki对它的定义,这似乎就是目前为止最适合祠堂的tag了。

说在最后

我没有想到,对于祠堂的tag的探寻,会成为一个跨文化语境下的迷你研究。此外,我在OSM Wiki上,有找到对于牌坊的标注,感觉很有意思:

man_made=ceremonial_gate
ceremonial_gate=paifang

牌坊能够拥有一个专属的标签,祠堂,是否也能拥有呢?